Wal-Mart Ethics Essay - 2348 Words

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is currently entangled in a legal battle that will decide if the company has engaged willfully in gender-based discrimination. Underlying causes, organizational culture and ethical issues will be examined in determining how the largest private employer in the United States could have fallen prey to unfair labor practices. In 1999, women constituted 72% of Wal-Marts hourly employees, but only 33% of its managerial employees (Bhatnagar, 2004). This fact and many others are the reasons many people allege that Wal-Mart has unfair labor practices. The Dukes v. Wal-Mart case challenged the hiring, promotion and pay practices of Wal-Mart. The case was filed in June 2001. When the case reached class certification†¦show more content†¦Another root cause of Wal-Marts problem is their lack of a formal job posting policy. Associates are not made aware of management level openings. Those who selected to move up in the organization are picked by store and division level management staff without regard to skill or educational requirements. This system is described as a tap on the shoulder process (Betty Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 2004). Another underlying problem for Wal-Mart is the companys policy to promote from within the company. This reinforces the organizational bad culture and practices. There are many unresolved issues with Wal-Mart that have made the news. The hourly pay scale for employees at the store level is below the Federal poverty level, many of the employees cant afford health care, and inequality of hiring women for management positions. The average Wal-Mart employee earns $8.00 an hour, with the average work week being about 32 hours. This equates to $256 a week or $13,312 a year. The Federal poverty level for a family of three is $14,630 (Brownstein 2005). Wal-Marts personnel polices are directed to keep wages cheap. Wal-Mart does this so they can maximize their profits. The health benefits for a Wal-Mart employee costs 20% of the average employees paycheck. Of their 1.2 million employees, 2/3 of the employees cant afford the health benefits. Over the last 12 years,Show MoreRelatedEthics and Management of Wal-Mart2569 Words   |  11 Pagesvalues, morals and ethics have become increasingly complex in a postmodern society where absolutes have gi ven way to tolerance and ambiguity. This particularly affects managers in Human Resources, where decisions will affect people’s jobs and their future employment. This paper will look at the history of Wal-Mart and it will glance at the management style and Ethics of Wal-Mart towards it internal and external customers. Wal-Mart Ethical and Management Style Wal-Mart is not only theRead MoreWal-Mart Ethics Case Essay1998 Words   |  8 PagesWal-Mart is the largest grocery chain in the world, second largest company on Fortune’s 500 2012 list, and the largest employer in North America. Wal-Mart is faced with many dilemmas and issues that can be expected of such a large and imposing organization. These problems include environmental issues, employee’s issues, leadership issues, supplier issues and creating an uncompetitive market. This is not an exhaustive list, and Wal-Mart has other dilemmas as well, but this paper will concentrate onRead MoreBusiness Ethics: Child Labor in Wal-Mart8552 Words   |  35 PagesPart A: Introduction There are several ways to define ethics. Ethic is a set of principles of right and wrong behavior guiding. Ethical person will behave in accordance with sound moral principles based on fairness, justice and trust (Wiley, 1995). The purpose of ethic is to provide an environment that allows people to live a more structured, happy life than would exist without ethics (Warnock, 1971). Business ethic is examination of variety of problems that can arise from business environmentRead MoreThe Ethics of the Wal-Mart Model887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of the Wal-Mart Model There are many opinions on the ethics of the Wal-Mart model, both favourable and unfavourable. The article â€Å"ROB Ranks Wal-Mart Among Canada’s Best Employers† (McLachlan, 2009, pg. 287) offers a favourable viewpoint of the model, and the article â€Å"The Cost of Walmartization† (McLachlan, 2009, pg. 288) offers an opposing unfavourable view. This paper discusses the theoretical approaches used in each article, along with the supporting evidence that was used in anRead MoreWal Mart s Latest Ethics Controversy Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart’s Latest Ethics Controversy Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is the world s largest retail enterprise, with total revenue of $421.8 billion and a net income of $16.4 billion in 2011. 1 It is also the world s largest employer, with 2.1 million employees worldwide in 2010 2, not including workers hired by its providers. In my opinion, Wal-Mart provides a clear illustration through which to look at how many multinational companies (MNCs) take part in an illegal and unethical behavior. They use theirRead MorePersonal And Organizational Ethics : Wal Mart Corporate1814 Words   |  8 Pages Week One Journal Mornic Davis PHI445: Personal Organizational Ethics Prof: Robert Wengrzyn August 24, 2015 Week One Journal Place the name of the Not-For-Profit Organization here: Shriners Hospitals for Children Place the name of the For-Profit Organization here: Wal-Mart Corporate Reflection Prompt # 1 Summarize three of the ethical theories that are explained in Chapter 1 of Introduction to Business Ethics. Explain how people running businesses would construct their companies ifRead MoreWalmart and Its Associates Efficient Operator or Neglectful Employer1479 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination 4 Dominance Policies 4 Unionisation 5 Wal-Mart: Past and new allegations 5 Conclusion 6 References 7 Introduction: Ethical Issues (Appendix A) Wal-Mart had been criticized for its worst CSR practices which includes low wages for the employees (Karen, 2004). Immoral activity of paying low for more and the overtime works had been held (Karen, 2004) .The quantitative records of designations in the company showed that Wal-Mart had sexual discrimination in its organization (TheRead MoreMgt/330 Week 2 Team Paper External/Internal Factors of Planning1293 Words   |  6 Pagesinnovation; diversity; and ethics. These factors as they apply to Wal-Mart, one of the leading retail stores in the world, will be examined in this paper. During the past decade, retail markets have undergone many changes in their processes, services, and formats. The last part of distribution of the market strategy, retailing serves as a bridge between the final consumer and the mass producers of products. Retailing has reached every corner of the globe, and Wal-Mart has been eying areas whereRead MoreInternal and External Factors of Wal-Mart.1220 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart is a company that has always presented the image to go the extra mile to meet customer satisfaction. They have been able to grow in times when most companies were facing hardship. The implementation of walmart.com in January 2000 was a major step for the Wal-Mart organization. Their globalization, e-business, and ethics have been essential in the success of this and any company. Many people claim the ethics of Wal-Mart has changed greatly, and not for the better, since the death of Sam WaltonRead MoreWal Marts Statement Of Ethics1716 Words   |  7 Pagesinfor mation (Stanwick Stanwick, 2009). Wal-Mart’s Statement of Ethics has a specific section dedicated to protecting personal and business information. In the daily business of a Wal-Mart associated they may be exposed to personal and business information about other coworkers, customers, suppliers and the company. Associates are expected to protect the information in accordance to the best practice standards and applicable laws (Wal-Mart Statement of Ethics, 2008). Trade secrets of the company

The Development Of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

The development of human being during the entire course of life, focus on biological and psychological growth (Berk, 2010). Human development hold several outcomes that are altered by both positive and negative influences. Genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) influences place significant impact on human development. In fact, Pinker (2004) submits that behavior is the result of a complex collaboration among inheritance and environmental factors in human development, ultimately supporting that nature-nurture work collectively (Pinker, 2004). This paper aimed to observed the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. through concepts, approaches and theories of development. Hereditary and environmental influences, milestones and the impact of diversity concerning King’s cognitive, physical and social-emotional development is offered. Furthermore, classical and contemporary theories from Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget were applied to analysis King’s life. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development include 4 stages: Sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period and formal operations period. Piaget theory offers that a child’s cognitive development encounter these four stages to understand their world independently (Harris, 2005). Contrarily, Vygotsky theory suggest that cognitive development involves children managing challenges through support from adults (Berk, 2010). Martin Luther King, Jr. also, known as MLK was born to the Reverend Martin LutherShow MoreRelatedPurpose of Education Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesSynthesis Essay: The Purpose of Education Everyday we go to school to receive our education, but what is the purpose of education? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech, â€Å"The Purpose of Education† and Frank O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"Christmas Morning,† both discuss what is the purpose of education. The purpose of education is to acknowledge not only one’s intelligence, but also one’s character, provide one with the ability to make decisions and achieve their goals. One of the purposes of educationRead MoreFamous Thinkers Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesThinkers Paper: Bill Gates and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. PHL/458 Mr. McDuffie October 2, 2012 While exploring history and trying to realize the famous thinkers of our society, countless men and women stand out. Famous thinkers are individuals who used determination and critical thinking to overcome hard times in order to do well. The two famous thinkers that thrust out in my mind are Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Bill Gates. In thisRead More The Rhetoric of Pathos in the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rhetoric of Pathos in the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream, says Dr. Samuel Proctor, Martin Luther King, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Rutgers University. All the little children--you hear everywhere you go: I have a dream. All the little children repeating that speech. Its become like the Star Spangled Banner or the Pledge of Allegiance. Its entered our culture. And so it has: I have a dream has become one of the most memorable phrases of the twentieth centuryRead MoreMartin Luther King Memorial in Yerba Buena Gardens1146 Words   |  5 Pagesstands a Martin Luther King Jr. memorial. The memorial is breathtakingly beautiful with a fifty foot high and twenty foot wide waterfall that falls over Sierra granite. In the Memorial’s hallway, visitors read quotes from Dr. King himself that are engraved on glass panels and set in granite. The physical beauty of the memorial is undeniable, however many people are not aware of the symbolism lying beneath the memorial’s surface. The memorial’s waterfall symbolizes th e realization of Dr. King’sRead MoreLeading Organizational Change Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesexact. That state agency is the State of Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission. â€Å"The Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission is a state organization empowered to serve all Arkansans. It was created in 1993 by Act 1216 of the Arkansas General Assembly to promote the legacy and philosophy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.† (AMLKC) The newly-established Martin Luther King Jr. Commission†¦exists to promote the teachings and legacy of Dr. King. (Jet) Its presence illustrates Arkansas’ goal ofRead MoreFamous Thinkers Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesand try to discover famous thinkers in our society, many men and women stand out. Famous thinkers are people who used critical thinking and perseverance to overcome adversity to succeed. The two that stand out in my mind are Bill Gates and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Lets discuss their contributions to society as a whole, the problems or issues that they resolved, and how they were able to come up with their solutions.   Contributions to Society Self made multi-billionaire, entrepreneur and philanthropistRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1395 Words   |  6 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr. was a revolutionary man. He spoke of non-violent ways to create a fair and equal society. He preached that all men are the same and created equal no matter the color of your skin. He was a great public speaker and reached many people in his speeches. Martin King even got to speak to thousands of people at the footsteps of the Lincoln Memorial where he spoke these words. I have a dream that my four little childrenRead MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesblack and white contributed to the development of rights for African Americans and other minorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefsRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesprotests define this momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectivesRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesprotests define this momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives

Characterization Of The Physician Essay Example For Students

Characterization Of The Physician Essay Characterization of the PhysicianDirect Characterization:Doctor of physicsHe was very into astronomy. He kept his patient from being depressedby horoscope and magic. He could sense the fortune thatll arrivein his sick patients dwelling. He was a very good physician. He knew the cause of every sickness. His patient pays him in gold. He read a lot of medical books writtenby the famous physicians such as Esculapius, Deiscorides, Hippocrates andHali etc. He was careful about his diet; never atea bite more than he should yet he ate healthily. He read buy little in the Bible. He dressed in blue and scarlet. He is careful with his money. He kept the gold he gained and loved itmore than anything else. Indirect Characterization:He is well respected in the society sincehe is a doctor. He might be a descendant of one of thewell-known physicians. He studied a lot about medicine and itscauses. It said that he knew the cause of very malady, were it of hot orcold. He probably isnt a Christian, at leastnot a devoted one. He cures his patients not from his good-will,but because the gold hell receive later. He enjoys reading books written about medicine,or anything that has to do with his field. He seems to be fastidious, and wary man. Hes fairly rich (This is portrayed throughhis attire) yet not very generous, maybe even a bit stingy. The Social ClassDoctors, throughout the century has beenconsidered the higher-class people, the more nobles ones. It was the sameduring the Medieval Period. They were regarded as the high-class, the welleducated. Doctors and physicians alike were very influential, especiallywhen knowledge about medicine werent as perceived as now. People aroundlook up to them and go to them for help. Usually, the doctors are fairlyrich. The patients, despite his wealth, more or less, pays the doctor. Those that are of higher classes often times reward doctors in gold. Asyou can imagine, how wealthy they are. However, not all of them are magnanimousin spending. Some of them are relatively wary, like the one in this prologue. Maybe, thats also one way they become rich through stinginess.

Analysing The Case Of Cialis Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing The Case Of Cialis. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on analysing the case of Cialis as an effective drug launched by Lilly ICOS LLC for helping customers in effectively adopting between product alternatives to existing products like Viagra. Viagra as an ED drug is observed to be harmful in nature and also lacks needed flexibility. The report focuses on understanding the manner in which Lilly would effectively market and position Cialis as a differentiated product offering to customers enabling both safety and flexibility. Segmenting the ED Market The market for ED is effectively segmented along three main divisions constituting of Physicians, Patients and their Partners. The Physicians The Physicians can be effectively segmented along two specific groups like Urologists and Primary-Care Physicians or PCPs. The Urologists were observed to have effective knowledge regarding the incidence of problems associated with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and felt quite easy in discussing the same with the patient groups. However, the PCPs reflected a different behavioural trait in that they did not feel quite comfortable in effectively discussing the problems concerning ED with the patients during the initial sittings. The PCPs were also apprehensive regarding prescribing of Viagra to patients that complained of problems associated with ED(Lantos, 2015). These doctors reflected on the growth of untimely deaths of patients suffering from Cardiovascular Problems that emerged owing to their consumption of Viagra. These physicians rendered greater importance in generating a safe life for the patient groups rather than recommending Viagra to take care of their sexual problems. Thus, th ough around in 90 percent of the cases where patients had initiated the request for the Viagra drug the doctors consisting of both Urologists and PCPs proactively abstained from rendering the same to the patients(Ofek, 2010). The Patients A study was conducted for patient groups pertaining to countries like United States and also of European countries like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain and also Italy would respond to the emergence of ED and the treatment procedure adhered to it. Out of a sample constituted by around 32,644 patients visiting the PCPs, around 28,022 reflected that they did not suffer from the problem concerning ED while 2,450 patients that though they suffered from ED problems they had not visited doctors to take any form of medical consultation for their sexual problems. The remaining number of patients amounting to 2,172 reflected that they visited the doctors for earning medical consultation for their sexual problems. For patients, the main market segment concerning EDs is observed to age 50 years or more where around 80 percent of them had sexual partners or were married(Ofek, 2010). Moreover, the ED patient groups residing in United States were observed to be more knowledgeable concerning ED than other patients belonging to European nations. Survey results further reflected half of the number of consumers that tended to perceive ED focused on consulting PCPs. The ED patients tended to visit the doctors with either their spouses or with their sexual partners(Dogramatzis, 2016). It was also observed that in the patient segment, the younger patient groups felt somewhat embarrassed to talk with the doctors regarding their ED problems while for the older generation the patients observed the ED problem as naturally emerging on account of age factor and thus steadily discussed the same with their PCPs. The patient groups suffering from ED on visiting the doctors were administered with the Viagra drug. It is however observed that a larger percentage of the male patient groups reflected that they did not feel potentially satisfied with the use of Viagra(Ofek, 2010). The Patient Segment concerning ED was further segmented along three main groups concerning the using of Viagra. The three main segments that were identified as such consisted of Viagra Current User Groups, Viagra Dropout Cases and also other patient groups that Never Used Viagra(Ofek, 2010). The Partner Segment The Partner Groups consisting of women reported different types of causes attributed to the cause of ED for their spouses. The women partners reflected that the main cause of ED for their husbands and male partners are accounted to factors like growth of stress especially pertaining to their work spheres and also the prevalence of diabetes on a larger scale. Some women partners even reflected or blamed themselves for becoming less attractive currently which was accounted as one of the prime reasons for their husbands ED problems. The male partners however reflected that lack of physical intimacy accounted greatly for their ED problems(CTI Reviews, 2016). The male partners reflected that owing to the incidence of the ED problem they are having lesser amount of hugs and kisses from their spouses or sexual partners which further contributed to the growth of ED. The knowledge of Viagra as a potent solution to the sexual problem concerning ED was also observed to be quite low among the pa rtner groups. Partners were observed to gain information concerning Viagra either from media stories or from word-of-mouth marketing(Ofek, 2010). The Partner Knowledge of Viagra is reflected in the following table. The women partners also reflected potential inconvenience and discomfort regarding the intake of the Viagra drug by their male counterparts. The female partners however stated that it was better for their male counterparts to be administered with the Viagra drug than being free or without subjected to any drug profile. The couples were also observed in enjoying sexual activity especially during the night times and especially during weekends rather than at the middle of the week(Ofek, 2010). Critical Analysis of Positioning of Cialis in the Marketplace The Cialis Drug was positioned to help in improving the ability of around 81 percent of the people suffering from ED. It was positioned as an effective drug that would help people gain the advantage of enjoying sexual stimulation even after a 36 hour period on being administered with the drug. The same was taken to account for greater male satisfaction than that of Viagra. Cialis was positioned to rend the male suffering from ED a greater opportunity for enjoying the periods of intimacy with their female partners(Mei, 2012). Cialis was positioned against Viagra such that the latters effect stayed only for a four hour period compared to the 36 hour period offered by Cialis. Further, Viagra generated reduced benefits on being taken after a fat meal while in case of Cialis the intake of food failed to affect the performance of the drug on the male population suffering from ED. Cialis as a drug for combating ED also reflected greater amount of safety compared to that of Viagra causing un timely deaths from Cardio-Vascular problems(Ofek, 2010). The marketing program developed during the initial period for effectively marketing Cialis as a differentiated product focused on three main dimensions underlined as follows. Firstly, Cialis was taken to be promoted as a product that would help in meeting the needs of a niche market segment. Secondly, Cialis was also focused on being marketed to directly compete with Viagra already existent as a potential drug in the ED market. Thirdly, Cialis was taken to be promoted and positioned as a differentiated product through the incorporation of the beat strategy(Taylor, 2013). The differentiated positioning that would be rendered for ED would effectively contribute in generating a larger or broader market than Viagra. The promotion and testing of Cialis was firstly accounted through the identification of an effective target market for promoting the drug. The application of Cialis during the initial stages was focused mainly on the Viagra dropouts(Ofek, 2010). Similarly, the marketing budget concerning the promotion for Cialis was carried out in terms of approaching both the doctors and the patient parties. Cialis was required to be promoted as quality-of-life drug for which the marketing activities were required to be subjected mainly along two stakeholder groups, doctors and patients. An effective balance was required to be generated between the doctor and patient groups for designing of the marketing program concerning Cialis(Ezrachi, 2012). The positioning decision concerning Cialis was also accounted to focus on the pricing and promotional activities such that Cialis was focused on being marketed with a higher price than that of Viagra on account of its longer performance. Cialis was also evaluated to be marketed at low prices for being able to tap a larger market. Similarly, concerning promotional activities Cialis was focused on being marketed through the use of celebrity endorsement or rather focusing on marketing the product in te rms of attesting a sporting or athletic theme with the same(Ofek, 2010). The marketing positioning strategy concerning the marketing of Cialis compared to Viagra during the initial period would have gained further impetus through the incorporation of an effective promotion and place mix. The promotion mix for effectively marketing Cialis was required to incorporate different promotional elements like employment of print, digital, social media along with public relation campaigns conducted through use of broadcasting mediums like television and radio(Schecter, 2012). Development of half and full page advertisements for newspapers, health and fitness and other family magazines while also formulating of 30 seconds slot advertisements for radio and television mediums along with conducting of digital and social media marketing programs would help in generating greater brand awareness for the Cialis brand. Rendering of testimonials of consumers having used and experienced the long duration based climax concerning Cialis along both print and audiovisual media wo uld also contribute in development of greater trust of the consumers towards the Cialis brand(Ofek, 2010). Similarly, the incorporation of an effective place mix is required to be made concerning the marketing of Cialis to potential customers. The place mix would be carried out through selling Cialis through exclusive retail outlets of Lilly ICOS LLC and other medicine retail outlets both brick-and-mortar and also through use of the digital interface incorporating both e-commerce and m-commerce paradigms. Effective Apps are required to be developed for Smartphones and tablets such that the same would help consumers in both viewing and ordering Cialis in a convenient and effective fashion(Ofek, 2010). Position of Cialis against Viagra Effective brand positioning for Cialis can be done through reflecting on its differentiated offering to the ED market compared to other like products like Viagra. During the initial period, Cialis was promoted in the larger market for ED drugs through creating a differentiated image where Cialis was marketed as a drug for enhancing romance and intimacy rather than meeting sexual needs as in the case of Viagra. Further, the management of Lilly can focus on interviewing the medical practitioners for understanding their needs and expectations concerning the treatment styles considered effective by them for treating ED(Dawar, 2013). Herein, the safety paradigm attached to Cialis and also the flexibility of it being taken before or after meals can be stressed upon for effectively combating and comparing with Viagra that is not considered to be safe and also lacks needed flexibility. The interviewing of medical practitioners contributes in generating greater awareness about Cialis as an ef fective drug for combating ED. Further, effective promotion needs to be planned for rightly reflecting the benefits and attributes of Cialis as an ED drug to the larger consumer market. Different types of mediums like print, broadcasting and social and digital media platforms are needed to be incorporated for generating increased awareness about the product(Thursby, 2016). Apart from designing of marketing campaigns both physically and virtually for educating consumers regarding Cialis, Lilly is also required to focus on conducting a market survey to understand views, expectations and needs of customers and medical practitioners in the ED market. The same would help in development of effective relationship of the Cialis brand with diverse stakeholder groups and thereby aim in generating greater profits and sales in the long run. Lilly is required to both sustain and enhance the level of differentiation associated with the production of Cialis through the generation of considerable investment in research and development activities. The same is taken for developing newer and premium drugs which would help in enhancing the product portfolio of the Cialis brand in the market for ED drugs(Dubey, 2017). Effective Marketing Mix Package for Cialis An effective marketing mix package can be designed for effectively marketing of Cialis against Viagra in the ED market. Product Mix An effective product mix can be generated for Cialis through the designing of a potential product assortment consisting of both oral medications and injections. The development of injections for ED treatment are rendered in an affordable fashion and can be taken with drugs consisting of nitrates needed for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Intracavernous Cialis injections developed in combination with oral pills helps in faster movement of the medicine along the body of the patient and are also observed to have low side effects. Customers and ED patients thus can effectively opt between purchasing of oral pills and injections of Cialis(Schoonveld, 2016). Price Mix Cialis can be rightly marketed through the incorporation of segmented pricing. The use of skimming pricing strategies would help Cialis in both earning greater margins and also in gaining a greater market share in the ED market. Different types of packages can be generated regarding Cialis where greater emphasis was rendered for generation of discounted products during the initial stages while enhancing premium pricing during later stages and also based on the marketing potential of the consumers. Generation of discounted prices during the initial stages would help Cialis develop its brand presence in the drug retail market for ED(Dogramatzis, 2016). Further, Cialis can be marketed at a premium pricing greater than $10 in terms of approaching regions consisting of higher income consumers. The price mix to be set for Cialis also needs to reflect the assurance for a greater and quality life and also an enjoyable intimacy that can be experienced by customers compared to the procuring of Viagra, creating a threat for death. Similarly, segmented pricing strategies can also be undertaken regarding fixation of higher prices for the oral pills while generating low prices for injections. The same would help customers in deciding between shifting over two options like oral pills and injections for meeting of their ED needs(Babar, 2014). Place Mix The Place Mix regarding the marketing of Cialis in the ED market can be effectively enhanced by Lilly ICOS LLC through the designing of large number of research and development centres along United States, European and other Middle East and Asian markets. The development of local Research and Development centres would help Lilly in gaining access to local resources in terms of technology, human resources expertise and other raw materials for producing the needed product. The same would help in reducing the price for the Cialis product in the ED market. Similarly, Lilly can also focus on entering into partnerships and joint ventures with other local medicine companies associated to the production of sexual medicines and other products for developing larger volumes of such product for local market needs. The same would reduce the need for Lilly in exporting Cialis over international frontiers. Other than saving on exporting cost, the above strategy would help Lilly in gaining effective access to local market networks for marketing of the ED drug. Further, Lilly also needs to focus on the development of exclusive retail outlets other than marketing Cialis through different local drug retail stores and departmental outlets(MacDougall, 2011). Development of apps for mobile phones and tablets would help consumers in buying Cialis online. This would help in enhancing the purchasing experience of the customers and thereby would enhance the level of customer satisfaction(World Health Organization, 2014). Promotion Mix Cialis can be effectively marketed as an effective ED drug through differentiating the product as encouraging the growth of intimacy and romance among the couples. Along with the incorporation of different types of communication mediums like print, broadcasting, digital and social media for advertising Cialis, Lilly also needs to develop quality marketing and promotional campaigns such that the same would help in enhancing potential brand awareness for the drug in the ED market. The marketing campaigns can be effectively designed in terms of designing workshops for educating consumers regarding the benefits to be gained from consuming Cialis. Invitation can be generated to the patient groups visiting fertility clinics and also to young consumers visiting PCPs(Ezrachi, 2012). The advertisements to be broadcasted using television and radio are required to be developed based on romantic themes where male actors would be observed and heard in taking the Cialis pill before lovemaking. Use of effective colours in the advertisements developed for magazines and newspapers with couples in romantic moods would effectively highlight and portray the benefit of using Cialis. Marketing conducted through the use of social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook would contribute in generating larger brand awareness for the product in local markets and communities. This would serve the need for word-of-mouth marketing(Braithwaite, 2013). The management of Lilly can install an external market survey firm that would conduct a survey through interviewing male and female participants regarding their experiences in using Cialis. Video reflection of the survey activity along with publication of the results through use of print, broadcasting and social media would help in generating increased attraction for the ED drug in the target market.(Katsanis, 2015) Conclusions The report reflects the different strategic approaches that are needed to be undertaken by Lilly for effectively marketing Cialis in the market for ED drugs and thereby countering potential competition from the million dollar brand, Viagra. It reflects on the different positioning and the marketing mix strategy that is required to be incorporated by Lilly for effectively positioning the Cialis brand and in also generating greater brand awareness about the product in the target market. The marketing of Cialis also needs to be carried out in terms of highlighting the differentiated attributes of the drug compared to Viagra. Cialis helps in the promotion of greater safety and flexibility compared to Viagra and thereby can be rightly prescribed by medical practitioners and consumed by patients. References Babar, Z.-U.-D., 2014. Pharmaceutical Prices in the 21st Century. United Kingdom : Springer. Braithwaite, J., 2013. Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Routledge Revivals). New York : Routledge. CTI Reviews, 2016. Functional Performance in Older Adults. United Kingdom: Cram101 Textbook Reviews. Dawar, N., 2013. Tilt: Shifting Your Strategy from Products to Customers. United States: Harvard Business Review. Dogramatzis, D., 2016. Healthcare Biotechnology: A Practical Guide. United Kingdom : CRC press. Dubey, S.S., 2017. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT. United Kingdom : PHI Learning. Ezrachi, A., 2012. Research Handbook on International Competition Law. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing. Katsanis, L.P., 2015. Global Issues in Pharmaceutical Marketing. New York : Routledge. Lantos, G.P., 2015. Consumer Behavior in Action: Real-life Applications for Marketing Managers. New York : Routledge. MacDougall, R.C., 2011. Drugs Media: New Perspectives on Communication, Consumption, and Consciousness. United States : AC Black. Mei, L., 2012. Conducting Business in China: An Intellectual Property Perspective. United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. Ofek, E., 2010. Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market. Harvard: Harvard Business School. Schecter, A.J., 2012. Drug Dependence and Alcoholism: Volume 1 Biomedical Issues. United Kingdom: Springer Science and Buiness Media. Schoonveld, E., 2016. The Price of Global Health: Drug Pricing Strategies to Balance Patient Access and the Funding of Innovation. New York : Routledge. Taylor, W.N., 2013. Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete. 2nd ed. United Kingdom : McFarland. Thursby, M.C., 2016. Technological Innovation: Generating Economic Results. United Kingdom : Emerald Publishing Group. World Health Organization, 2014. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, 2014. United States : WHO.